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Genital herpes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
- 1. GENITAL HERPES Presented by: Zubayar Rahman Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific(UAP)
- 2. GENITAL HERPES Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Genital herpes is usually spread by having vaginal, oral, or anal sex. One in five women ages 14 to 49 has genital herpes.1 there is no cure for herpes. But you can take medicine to prevent outbreaks and to lower your risk of passing genital herpes to your partner.
- 3. HISTORY Early 20th century public health legislation in the United Kingdom required compulsory treatment for sexually transmitted diseases but did not include herpes because it was not serious enough. As late as 1975, nursing textbooks did not include herpes as it was considered no worse than a common cold. After the development of acyclovir in the 1970s, the drug company Burroughs Welcome launched an extensive marketing campaign that publicized the illness, including creating victims support groups.
- 4. WHO GETS GENITAL HERPES? Genital herpes is more common in women than men. One in five women ages 14 to 49 has genital herpes, compared with one in 10 men ages 14 to 49. A woman's anatomy (body) puts her more at risk for genital herpes than men. Small tears in vaginal tissue can make it easier to get genital herpes. Genital herpes is also much more common in African-American women. One in two African-American women between the ages of 14 and 49 is infected with HSV-2 that causes genital herpes.
- 5. GENITAL HERPES IS SPREAD THROUGH: •Vaginal, oral, or anal sex. The herpes virus is usually spread through contact with open sores. But you also can get herpes from someone without any symptoms or sores. •Genital touching •Childbirth from a mother to her baby •Breastfeeding if a baby touches an open sore •sharing sex toys that aren't washed or covered with a new condom each time they are used
- 6. GENITAL HERPES CANNOT TRANSMIT THROUGH: Ttowels Swimming pools and saunas Toilet seats
- 7. CAUSES Two types of herpes simplex virus infections can cause genital herpes: HSV-1. This is the type that usually causes cold sores or fever blisters around your mouth. HSV-1 is often spread through skin-to-skin contact, though it can be spread to your genital area during oral sex. Recurrences are much less frequent than they are with HSV-2 infection. HSV-2. This is the type that commonly causes genital herpes. The virus spreads through sexual contact and skin-to-skin contact. HSV-2 is very common and highly contagious, whether or not you have an open sore. HSV-1 or HSV-2 can be found in infected people’s bodily fluids, including: o saliva o semen o vaginal secretions
- 8. SYMPTOMS Most people infected with HSV don't know they have it because they don't have any signs or symptoms or because their signs and symptoms are so mild. When present, symptoms may begin about two to 12 days after exposure to the virus. If you experience symptoms of genital herpes, they may include: • Pain or itching: You may experience pain and tenderness in your genital area until the infection clears. • Small red bumps or tiny white blisters: These may appear a few days to a few weeks after infection.
- 9. • Ulcers: These may form when blisters rupture and ooze or bleed. Ulcers may make it painful to urinate. • Scabs: Skin will crust over and form scabs as ulcers heal. During an initial outbreak, you may have flu- like signs and symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes in your groin, headache, muscle aches and fever.
- 10. DIFFERENCES IN SYMPTOM LOCATION Sores appear where the infection entered your body. You can spread the infection by touching a sore and then rubbing or scratching another area of your body, including your eyes. Men and women can develop sores on the: • Buttocks and thighs • Anus • Mouth • Urethra
- 11. Women can also develop sores in or on the: • Vaginal area • External genitals • Cervix Men can also develop sores in or on the: • Penis • Scrotum
- 12. RISK FACTORS Your risk of becoming infected with genital herpes may increase if you: • Are a woman: Women are more likely to have genital herpes than are men. The virus is sexually transmitted more easily from men to women than it is from women to men. • Have multiple sexual partners: Each additional sexual partner raises your risk of being exposed to the virus that causes genital herpes.
- 13. COMPLICATIONS Complications associated with genital herpes may include: • Other sexually transmitted infections: Having genital sores increases your risk of transmitting or contracting other sexually transmitted infections, including AIDS. • Newborn infection: Babies born to infected mothers can be exposed to the virus during the birthing process. This may result in brain damage, blindness or death for the newborn.
- 14. • Bladder problems: In some cases, the sores associated with genital herpes can cause inflammation around the tube that delivers urine from your bladder to the outside world (urethra). The swelling can close the urethra for several days, requiring the insertion of a catheter to drain your bladder. • Meningitis: In rare instances, HSV infection leads to inflammation of the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord. • Rectal inflammation (proctitis): Genital herpes can lead to inflammation of the lining of the rectum, particularly in men who have sex with men.
- 15. DIAGNOSING GENITAL HERPES Laboratory tests are needed to diagnose genital herpes. If sores are present, a sample of fluid is taken from a sore. The sample is tested to see if it contains the virus and, if so, what type of HSV it is. A blood test also can help diagnose HSV. The test looks for antibodies that the body creates to fight the virus. The blood test can show the type of HSV, but it cannot tell how you got the infection or how long you have been infected.
- 16. TREATMENT There are a variety of treatment options. These include: Home remedies • Several home remedies can help, including: • taking painkillers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen • bathing in lightly salted water helps relieve symptoms • soaking in a warm sitz bath • applying petroleum jelly to the affected area
- 17. • avoiding tight clothing around the affected area • washing hands thoroughly, especially after touching the affected area • refraining from sexual activity until symptoms have gone • If urinating is painful, apply some cream or lotion to the urethra, for example, lidocaine • Some people find that using ice packs can help. Never apply ice directly to the skin, always wrap it in a cloth or towel first.
- 18. MEDICATION • Treatment with medication is effective in shortening the initial outbreak of the infection, lowers the chance that the infection will come back, and makes any later outbreaks less severe. • There are similar antiviral drugs available for the treatment of genital herpes infection, These antiviral medications vary in cost and how often they should be taken. All should be taken for 7 to 10 days. The patient's doctor may extend the course of therapy if ulcers have not healed in 10 days. Examples of these antiviral medications include: • acyclovir (Zovirax), • famciclovir (Famvir), and • valacyclovir (Valtrex).
- 19. • For preventing later genital herpes outbreaks, people with recurring infections also may benefit from antiviral medications. Treatment is started when the recurrence first begins and continues for five days. • For continuous prevention, individuals who have frequent outbreaks (generally over six recurrences per year) can control the outbreaks by taking medication every day. Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are all used to treat recurrent disease. This is known as suppressive therapy. Suppressive therapy has been shown to decrease the frequency of genital herpes recurrences in those who have frequent recurrences, and many individuals taking this treatment report no symptomatic outbreaks.
- 20. PREVENTION TIPS The best way to prevent genital herpes or any STI is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex. If you do have sex, lower your risk of getting an STI with the following steps: • Use condoms. Condoms are the best way to prevent STIs when you have sex. Because a man does not need to ejaculate (come) to give or get some STIs, make sure to put the condom on before the penis touches the vagina, mouth, or anus. Other methods of birth control, like birth control pills, shots, implants, or diaphragms, will not protect you from STIs. • Get tested. Be sure you and your partner are tested for STIs. Talk to each other about the test results before you have sex.
- 21. • Be monogamous. Having sex with just one partner can lower your risk for STIs. After being tested for STIs, be faithful to each other. That means that you have sex only with each other and no one else. • Limit your number of sex partners. Your risk of getting STIs goes up with the number of partners you have. • Do not douche. Douching removes some of the normal bacteria in the vagina that protects you from infection. This may increase your risk of getting STIs.4 • Do not abuse alcohol or drugs. Drinking too much alcohol or using drugs increases risky behavior and may put you at risk of sexual assault and possible exposure to STIs. The steps work best when used together. No single step can protect you from every single type of STI.
- 22. GENITAL HERPES IN PREGNANCY Women with herpes before pregnancy can usually expect to have a healthy baby and a vaginal delivery. If someone have genital herpes during pregnancy, there's a risk her baby could develop a serious illness called neonatal herpes. This can be fatal, but most babies recover with antiviral treatment. The risk of baby getting neonatal herpes is low if you she had genital herpes before. It's higher if she get genital herpes for the first time in pregnancy.
- 23. GENITAL HERPES TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY She may be offered antiviral treatment: • to treat outbreaks in pregnancy • from 36 weeks to reduce the chance of an outbreak during birth • from diagnosis until the birth if you first get herpes after 28 weeks of pregnancy Many women with genital herpes have a vaginal delivery. You may be offered a caesarean, depending on your circumstances
- 24. CAN GENITAL HERPES COME BACK? After the initial infection, the virus can remain dormant in the nerve cells in the affected area of your body. The dormant virus can reactivate and cause you to suffer recurrences. If genital herpes does come back, you will usually only suffer minor symptoms and these will heal up quickly, even without treatment. However, a small number of people will find that recurrences can become troublesome. Genital herpes is more likely to come back in people who have been infected with the type 2 virus than the type 1 virus.
- 25. CONCLUSION Genital herpes is an important public health disease that can cause substantial morbidity if it is undiagnosed and untreated. Clinicians should suspect HSV infection in all patients presenting with ulcers in the genital area. Genital HSV infection increases the risk of HIV infection and people with both infections are more likely to transmit HIV to their sexual partners.
- 26. Thank You