Which common childhood communicable disease may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?
Rubella
Varicella-zoster
Rubeola
Mumps
The Correct Answer is A
A. Rubella:
Rubella is a viral infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman during the first trimester, can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the developing fetus. CRS can result in severe birth defects, including heart abnormalities, hearing impairments, and vision problems.
B. Varicella-zoster:
Varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. While chickenpox can cause complications in certain populations, it is not specifically associated with severe defects in the fetus when the mother is infected during pregnancy.
C. Rubeola:
Rubeola, commonly known as measles, can lead to complications, but it is not as strongly associated with severe defects in the fetus if the mother is infected during pregnancy compared to rubella.
D. Mumps:
Mumps is generally not associated with severe defects in the fetus when the mother is infected during pregnancy. However, mumps infection during pregnancy can pose risks to the mother's health.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calmly tell the child to stop:
While remaining calm is important, simply telling the child to stop might not be effective during a tantrum. Toddlers experiencing a meltdown might not respond immediately to verbal commands.
B. Distract the child by buying a toy:
Using material objects to distract a child during a tantrum might reinforce the behavior by rewarding it with something desired. It's also not always feasible to buy a toy instantly.
C. Appear to ignore them:
This strategy might involve not engaging directly with the tantrum, which could sometimes help to de-escalate the situation. However, it's crucial to ensure the child is in a safe environment and to offer support if necessary.
D. Place the child in time-out for 3 min:
Time-out can be a useful method for calming down a child. However, its effectiveness depends on the child's age, temperament, and the consistency of applying this method. Time-out might not be suitable for all children, especially for a 2-year-old who might not fully understand the concept.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Epiglottitis:
Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis, which can result in rapid onset of symptoms such as severe sore throat, high fever, and difficulty breathing. The characteristic position described, with the child preferring to sit up, lean forward, and keep the mouth open, is known as the "tripod position." This is a protective mechanism to maintain a patent airway.
B. Mild asthma:
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. However, the scenario does not describe typical asthma symptoms, and the child's preference for sitting up and leaning forward is more indicative of an airway obstruction.
C. Spasmodic laryngitis:
Spasmodic laryngitis is characterized by sudden episodes of severe respiratory distress, a barking cough, and sometimes stridor. It often occurs at night and is usually not associated with high fever. The child's behavior in the scenario, particularly the preference for sitting up and leaning forward, is not a common feature of spasmodic laryngitis.
D. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis:
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup, typically presents with a barking cough, stridor, and respiratory distress. It does not usually cause the preference for sitting up and leaning forward as described in the scenario. Croup is more commonly associated with a distinctive cough sound.
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