Rayann Jaber’s Post

Obesity is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of body fat, which can have serious health consequences. In America, obesity affects approximately one-third of adults and can lead to a variety of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Several factors can increase the risk of developing obesity, including genetics, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and certain medical conditions. However, there are many strategies that can help prevent obesity and promote a healthy weight. One of the most important strategies is to adopt a healthy diet. A healthy diet should include plenty of fruits and vegetables, lean protein sources such as chicken or fish, and whole grains such as brown rice or quinoa. At the same time, limit the intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats. Regular physical activity is also crucial for preventing obesity. Exercise can help burn calories, build muscle, and improve overall health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking or cycling, each week. You can also incorporate strength training exercises, such as weight lifting or bodyweight exercises, to help build and maintain muscle mass. Other lifestyle changes that can help prevent obesity include getting enough sleep, reducing stress, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. By making these healthy lifestyle changes, you can reduce your risk of obesity and promote overall health and well-being. Read more about obesity here: https://lnkd.in/dZRd2PN6

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, often caused by exposure to the sun's harmful UV rays. According to the American Cancer Society, skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. However, with early detection and treatment, most cases of skin cancer are curable. One of the best ways to detect skin cancer early is to undergo regular skin cancer screenings. During a skin cancer screening, a dermatologist will examine your skin from head to toe, looking for any suspicious moles, growths or other abnormalities. They may also use special tools or equipment to get a closer look at any suspicious areas. To help prevent skin cancer, it's important to protect your skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen and seeking shade during peak hours of sun exposure. You can also perform regular self-examinations to help identify any changes or growths on your skin that may be concerning. If a dermatologist does identify a suspicious lesion during a screening, they may recommend further testing or treatment. It's important to follow through with any recommendations to ensure early detection and treatment. To learn more about skin cancer, prevention and detection, you can visit the American Cancer Society's website here: https://lnkd.in/d8J9HvNQ

Abdominal discomfort can better assessed by specifying where the patient is experiencing the pain. It is important to differentiate between each of the abdominal quadrants and the conditions unique to each quadrant. Some of these conditions include, but are not limited to, the following: Right upper quadrant biliary colic: intense, dull pain, postprandial, plateaus with gradual improvement, nontender exam acute cholecystitis: prolonged pain (>6hrs), tender to palpation, Murphy's sign  perihepatitis (Fitz-HughCurtis): increased pain with inspiration, right shoulder  hepatic abscess: fever, tenderness  portal vein thrombosis: dyspepsia, GI bleeding Left upper quadrant splenomegaly: pain or discomfort, left shoulder pain, early satiety  splenic rupture: left shoulder pain, hypotension, trauma Right lower quadrant acute appendicitis: migrating periumbilical pain, fever, anorexia, nausea  Meckel's diverticulum: currant jelly stool Left lower quadrant diverticulitis: fever, distention (ileus), change in bowel habits, melena  constipation: hard stools

Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to elevated levels of either endogenous glucocorticoids or exogenous glucocorticoids. Endogenous glucocorticoid overproduction, or hypercortisolism, that is independent of ACTH is usually due to a primary adrenocortical neoplasm. Signs and symptoms include weight gain, thinning of the skin, acne, slow-healing wounds, irregular menses, excessive facial hair, fatigue, depression, and headache. In patients prescribed corticosteroids, the goal would be to wean them off of these medications. The treatment of choice for endogenous Cushing syndrome is surgical resection of the causative tumor. Medications such as ketoconazole, mitotane, and metyrapone can be prescribed. Read more about Cushing Syndrome here: https://lnkd.in/ekcyz87s.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is inflammation and infection that affects the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes. This disease can present with symptoms such as pain in the pelvis, vaginal discharge, bleeding that is unusual, pain during sex, and fever. PID is crucial to treat because it can lead to a life threatening infection, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. The most common drug classes prescribed for treatment of PID include: 1) Macrolides 2) Cephalosporins, 3rd Generation 3) Cephalosporins, 2nd Generation 4) Tetracyclines 5) Aminoglycosides Patients with PID are most commonly prescribed: 1) Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly (IM) once as a single dose PLUS 2) Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 14 days PLUS 3) Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice daily for 14 days (can be added if there is evidence or suspicion of vaginitis or if the patient underwent gynecologic instrumentation in the preceding 2-3 weeks) Read more about PID and how it is treated here: https://lnkd.in/eP2Q3eue. #womenshealth

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS; focal inflammation resulting in macroscopic plaques and injury to the blood-brain barrier. Prevalence estimates for MS in the United States vary from 58 to 95 people per 100,000. It is usually diagnosed in patients aged 15-45 years old. Signs and symptoms include paresthesias; muscle cramping secondary to spasticity; Bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction; Charcot triad of dysarthria (scanning speech), nystagmus, and intention tremor; and fatigue. The "McDonald Criteria for MS Diagnosis" diagnoses MS on the basis of clinical findings and supporting evidence from tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has 2 aspects: immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for the underlying immune disorder and therapies to relieve or modify symptoms. Read more about multiple sclerosis (MS) here: https://lnkd.in/eNrWuHS5. #multiplesclerosis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) caused by antibodies that attack the postsynaptic membrane, impair neuromuscular transmission, and lead to weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscle. Female incidence peaks in the third decade of life, whereas male incidence peaks in the sixth or seventh decade. Signs and symptoms of MG include muscle weakness, droopy eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and slurred speech. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and immunomodulating therapies are the mainstays of myasthia gravis (MG) treatment. Pyridostigmine is used for symptomatic treatment only. Read more about myasthenia gravis here: https://lnkd.in/ecMqAAq5.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) are the two most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Both hyperprolactinemia and PCOS can cause androgen excess and present with anovulation. Estrogen stimulates prolactin production. Persistently elevated estradiol levels are often found in women with PCOS and could result in mild prolactin elevation. Several studies have reported higher incidence of hyperprolactinemia among PCOS patients. Hyperprolactinemia has to be ruled out to make the diagnosis of PCOS. Therefore, work-up of persistent hyperprolactinemia is necessary. Read more about PCOS and HPRL here: https://lnkd.in/eBswcVRU #pcos #endocrinology

Evidence-based practice from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) revolves around safety measures in the workplace. Healthcare facilities benefit from adhering to OSHA practices as it prevents injuries and enforces a standard of safety. OSHA makes a difference in the general health of the community by advocating for the health of the nation's workforce. The administration stands by the principle that no worker should have to choose between their life and their job. Quality of care is greatly enhanced by OSHA guidelines. Continual evaluations by this agency ensure that facilities are up to par with the most updated standards. This, in turn, allows higher quality of care for both patients as well as healthcare workers. Read more about OSHA here: https://www.osha.gov/. #healthcare