What are trigger points?

A trigger point is a taut band of either muscle or connective tissue. When the muscle contracts, or the tissue is compressed, a painful sensation occurs. The pain can remain at the trigger point or radiate away. In either case, the sensation is often so intense that it alters movement patterns, stiffens muscles, and restricts joints.

Why do they form?

Why trigger points form is not very well understood. We do know that the nerves responsible for muscle contraction and relaxation are in a state of constant activation. In other words, the signal from the brain telling the muscle to contract is constantly “on.” There are several theories as to why this happens, but none are set in stone.

Who is at risk for trigger points?

Risk factors for trigger points include:

• muscle imbalances (overactivity of a muscle compared to weaker surrounding ones)
• trauma
• age
• vitamin deficiency
• sleep disturbances
• stress
• psychological disorders
• poor posture

Common findings here at Sports and More include lack of nearby joint mobility and muscle imbalances from poor posture, weakness, or overactivity.

How are trigger points treated?

Trigger points typically respond very well to positional or myofascial release. Direct tolerable pressure to the trigger point held for a longer period of time (1-5 minutes typically) allows the muscle to relax and diminishes the constant signal telling it to activate. Exercises using a lacrosse ball or a Theracane can be used to create pressure and release the trigger point. Dry needling may also be used to relieve pain and relax the trigger point.

While these methods help reduce the trigger point, long term relief depends on correcting muscle imbalances, improving joint mobility, and improving movement of the entire system. Our therapists are movement specialists who are trained to help patients improve muscle and joint function. Sports and More Physical Therapy by ACCESS PT has several convenient Raleigh area locations – call your local office today to schedule an appointment!