Abstract
Oligo-astrocytoma (WHO grade II) is a diffusely infiltrating, slow-growing glioma composed of a conspicuous mixture of two distinct neoplastic cell types morphologically resembling tumor cells with either oligodendroglial or astrocytic features, and in which molecular testing could not be completed or was inconclusive.
Histologically, the tumor is of moderate cellularity with presence of neoplastic glial cells with astrocytic or oligodendroglial phenotypes.
Heterozygous chromosome 1p/19q co-deletions have been described in oligo-astrocytomas (30–50% of the cases) (leads to the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma). Presence of IDH1/2 mutations is suggestive of the diagnosis of astrocytoma.
Treatment consists in the surgical removal of the lesion. Median survival is about 6.3 years. Factors associated with longer survival include: young age at operation, gross total tumor removal, postoperative radiation therapy.
Anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma (WHO grade III) is an oligo-astrocytoma, with focal or diffuse histological features of anaplasia, including increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and brisk mitotic activity.
The tumor is characterized by increased cellularity as compared to oligo-astrocytoma WHO grade II with distinct nuclear atypia, cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic activity.
Treatment consists in the surgical removal of the lesion followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy (PCV). Median survival time is 2.8 years.
Genetic aberrations (detected in about 30% of oligo-astrocytomas) include mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 17p, anomalies of chromosome 10, and amplification of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene.
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Weis, S. et al. (2019). Oligo-astrocytoma WHO Grade II-Anaplastic Oligo-astrocytoma WHO Grade III. In: Imaging Brain Diseases. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1544-2_59
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1544-2_59
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