Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genital Condyloma (HPV Infection)

  • Chapter
Vulvar Disease

  • 1363 Accesses

Abstract

Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) are very common. They are sexually transmitted. Ninety percent are caused by types 6 and 11 of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention by HPV vaccine are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Oriel JD. Natural history of genital warts. 1971. Sex Transm Infect. 2000;76(Suppl 1):S21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Tay SK. Genital oncogenic human papillomavirus infection: a short review on the mode of transmission. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1995;24(4):598–601.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pao CC, Tsai PL, Chang YL, Hsieh TT, Jin JY. Possible non-sexual transmission of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1993;12(3):221–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sonnex C, Strauss S, Gray JJ. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA on the fingers of patients with genital warts. Sex Transm Infect. 1999;75(5):317–9.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. CDRWkl (Online). 2001;11(35). http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/archives/2001/cdr3501.

  6. Koutsky L. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Med. 1997;102:3–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. World Health Organization. WHO Office of Information. Sexually transmitted infections increasing—250 million new infections annually. WHO Feature. 1990;152:1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shavit O, Raz R, Stein S, Chodick G, Schejter E, Cohen R, Shalev V. Evaluating the epidemiology and morbidity burden associated with human papillomavirus in Israel: accounting for CIN1 and genital warts in addition to CIN 2/3 and cervical cancer. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2012;10(2):87–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Insinga RP, Dasbach EF, Myers ER. The health and economic burden of genital warts in a set of private health plans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(11):1397–403.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Koutsky LA, Galloway DA, Holmes KK. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:122–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Handsfield HH. Clinical presentation and natural course of anogenital warts. Am J Med. 1997;102(5A):16–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kjaer SK, Tran TN, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Munk C, Dasbach E, Liaw KL, Nygård J, Nygård M. The burden of genital warts: a study of nearly 70,000 women from the general female population in the 4 Nordic countries. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(10):1447–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hansen BT, Kjaer SK, Munk C, Tryggvadottir L, Sparén P, Hagerup-Jenssen M, Liaw KL, Nygård M. Early smoking initiation, sexual behavior and reproductive health – a large population-based study of Nordic women. Prev Med. 2010;51(1):68–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Schiffman M, Castle PE. Human papillomavirus: epidemiology and public health. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:930–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Longworth MS, Laimins LA. Pathogenesis of human papillomaviruses in differentiating epithelia. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004;68(2):362–72.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Chiasson MA, Ellerbrock TV, Bush TJ, Sun XW, Wright TC Jr. Increasedprevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia inwomen infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89(5 Pt 1):690–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-12):1–110.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cook LS, Koutsky LA, Holmes KK. Clinical presentation of genital warts amon circumcised and uncircumcised heterosexual men attending an urSTD clinic. Genitourin Med. 1993;69:262–4.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Sonnex C, Schofield JH, Kocjan G, et al. Anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexuals with genital warts: prevalence and relation with sexual behaviour. Br Med J. 1991;303:1243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lacey CJ, Woodhall SC, Wikstrom A, Ross J. 2012 European guideline for the management of anogenital warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(3):e263–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Armstrong N, Foley G, Wilson J, Finan P, Sebag-Montefiore D. Successful treatment of a large Buschke-Lowenstein tumour with chemo-radiotherapy. Int J STD AIDS. 2009;20(10):732–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Drolet M, Brisson M, Maunsell E, Franco EL, Coutlée F, Ferenczy A, Ratnam S, Fisher W, Mansi JA. The impact of anogenital warts on health-related quality oflife: a 6-month prospective study. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(10):949–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Meisels A. Cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus. Influence of age and pregnancy stage. Acta Cytol. 1992;36(4):480–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Silverberg MJ, Thorsen P, Lindeberg H, Grant LA, Shah KV. Condyloma inpregnancy is strongly predictive of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101(4):645–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Workowski KA. Centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 8):S759–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Blomberg M, Friis S, Munk C, Bautz A, Kjaer SK. Genital warts and risk of cancer: a Danish study of nearly 50,000 patients with genital warts. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(10):1544–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tyring SK. Molluscum contagiosum: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3 Suppl):S12–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ambros RA, Malfetano JH, Carlson JA, Mihm MC Jr. Non-neoplastic epithelial alterations of the vulva: recognition assessment and comparisons of terminologies used among the various specialties. Mod Pathol. 1997;10(5):401–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hoang LN, Park KJ, Soslow RA, Murali R. Squamous precursor lesions of the vulva: current classification and diagnostic challenges. Pathology. 2016;48(4):291–302.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Lacey CJ, Goodall RL, Tennvall GR, Maw R, Kinghorn GR, Fisk PG, Barton S, Byren I, Perstop Pharma Genital Warts Clinical Trial Group. Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of podophyllotoxin solution, podophyllotoxin cream, and podophyllin in the treatment of genital warts. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79(4):270–5.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Haidopoulos D, Diakomanolis E, Rodolakis A, Vlachos G, Elsheikh A, Michalas S. Safety and efficacy of locally applied imiquimod cream 5% for the treatment of condylomata acuminata of the vulva. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2004;270(4):240–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tatti S, Stockfleth E, Beutner KR, Tawfik H, Elsasser U, Weyrauch P, Mescheder A. Polyphenon E: a new treatment for external anogenital warts. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(1):176–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tzellos TG, Sardeli C, Lallas A, Papazisis G, Chourdakis M, Kouvelas D. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of green tea catechins in the treatment ofexternal anogenital warts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25(3):345–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ting PT, Dytoc MT. Therapy of external anogenital warts and molluscum contagiosum: a literature review. Dermatol Ther. 2004;17:68–101.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Andrews MD. Cryosurgery for common skin conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(10):2365–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Abdullah AN, Walzman M, Wade A. Treatment of external genital warts comparing cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) and trichloracetic acid. Sex Transm Dis. 1993;20:344–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Yanofsky VR, Patel RV, Goldenberg G. Genital warts: a comprehensive review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(6):25–36.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Mayeaux EJ Jr, Dunton C. Modern management of external genital warts. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2008;12(3):185–92. Review.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, et al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination and trends in genital warts in Australia: analysis of national sentinel surveillance data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Joura EA, Garland SM, Paavonen J, Ferris DG, Perez G, Ault KA, Huh WK, Sings HL, James MK, Haupt RM, Future I and II Study Group. Effect of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in a subgroup of women with cervical and vulvar disease: retrospective pooled analysis of trial data. BMJ. 2012;344:e1401.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Luna J, Plata M, Gonzalez M, Correa A, Maldonado I, Nossa C, Radley D, Vuocolo S, Haupt RM, Saah A. Long-term follow-up observation of the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of Gardasil™ in adult women. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e83431.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Giuliano A, et al. Presented at: 25th International Papillomavirus Conference. May 2009. Abstract 0-01.07.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Garland SM, Kjaer SK, Muñoz N, Block SL, Brown DR, DiNubile MJ, Lindsay BR, Kuter BJ, Perez G, Dominiak-Felden G, Saah AJ, Drury R, Das R, Velicer C. Impact and effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: a systematic review of 10 years of real-world experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):519–27.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Bouchard C, Mao C, Mehlsen J, Moreira ED Jr, Ngan Y, Petersen LK, Lazcano-Ponce E, Pitisuttithum P, Restrepo JA, Stuart G, Woelber L, Yang YC, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Huh W, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Chan IS, Chen J, Gesser R, Moeller E, Ritter M, Vuocolo S, Luxembourg A, Broad Spectrum HPV Vaccine Study. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(8):711–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Women’s Health Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eduardo Schejter

Authors
  1. Eduardo Schejter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo Schejter .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Galilee Medical Center, Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Nahariya, Israel

    Jacob Bornstein

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schejter, E. (2019). Genital Condyloma (HPV Infection). In: Bornstein, J. (eds) Vulvar Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61620-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61621-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation